The theory of optical fibres these few pages will explain the concepts behind optical fibres and how they work. Brand rex, the fiber manufacturer spectran specialty optics, now lucent specialty fiber technologies, and the aerospace corporation. The bics observed in our experiment are the result of accidental phase matching between incident, re. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a correct format for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article. Project report optical fiber communication pdf i hereby declare that this report is result of my own effort except for works. Componentlibrary is a free, open collection of images for drawing diagrams related to laser optics, including many optics but also electronic components.
Introduction in most laser applications it is necessary to know the propagation characteristics of laser beam. Optics is an exciting area of study, but as with most areas of physics it requires a variety of mathematical tools to be fully appreciated. The repeater spacing of the second phase lightwave systems was limited by the fibre losses at the operating wavelength of 1 300 nm typically 0. Rays emerge from a single point, with number controlled by the ray density slider. Explicit dir ections ar e given for each step, and the only equipment requir ed can be found ar ound the house. The light transmitted through the optical fiber is.
The second phase of fibre optic communication systems, based on ingaasp semiconductor lasers and detectors operating near 1. Object the purpose of this experiment is to understand the uniaxial tensile testing and provide knowledge of the application of the tensile test machine. Most common material used in fibres is fused silica amorphous sio. Although the main principle of fiber optics, namely total internal reflection tir, was discovered but not explained by kepler in the 17th century, and uncladded bare glass fibers based on this phenomenon were produced in the 1920s j. Using five white rays from the ray box shine the rays straight into the convex lens. The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of. Iss fiber optic failure investigation root cause report. The text is organized into two types of major sections, namelychapters and experiments, so that they follow in a more or less logical order. To find out more, please visit the preparation section below. Youngs famous double slit experiment showed that light followed the law of superposition, which is. We included in each experiment enough theory, tutorial material and examples to fulfill the needs of some programs. Laser, thin slit, wire and grating 49 checklist for expt. This happens even if the water goes around a corner.
File type icon file name description size revision time user. Two convex lenses of different focal length and an optical bench with four uprights. Optical fiber technology was considered to be a major driver behind the information. Sep 04, 2015 fiber optic characterization chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, attenuation profile, otdr test, pmls test slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Optical fiber is f2 core, en1 clad, except where noted. The experiments may be performed using mirrors, lenses, filters and other items already found in schools. To find the specific rotation of sugar solution by using a polarimeter. For best results we suggest using the hardware kit from industrial fiber optics that contains all the necessary fiber optic, optoelectronic and electronic components required to complete these nine activities. These freshly prepared solutions will be shared with the other students at your lab bench. Introduction tensile testing is one of the simplest and most widely used mechanical tests.
Optical activity is the ability of many substances to rotate the plane of vibration. This manual contains experiments that have been developed by active teachers and thoroughly tested in the classroom. Objetive of the experiment to determine the numerical aperture of an optical fibre 2. Fiber optics can also use light to carry information, much like copper wires carry. This observation is an example of xray wave interference roentgenstrahlinterferenzen, commonly known as xray diffraction xrd, and was direct evidence for the periodic atomic structure of crystals postulated for several centuries. A monochromatic light source is incident on the first screen which contains a slit. The background he received, especially in the area of fiber optic testing and measuring, has proven to be invaluable in his daytoday activities. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The retina sees the world upside down, but the brain turns it right side up. Optical fiber assemblies installation and operation instructions avoid exceeding the temperature thresholds for the fiber materials.
Flexible solution for different levels of students. Each of you will be assigned to make one of four aqueous sucrose solutions for your lab bench. Dec 11, 2012 experiment portion of tech final project. W hen you look at an object, each eye sees a slightly different picture.
Light can travel through these fibers over long distances. Instead of using electricity through wires, fiber optic cables use light traveling through a clear fiber to carry phone signals, etc. For standard fibers, the temperature threshold for the polyimide fiber is 300 c, while the pvc cabling is rated to 100 c. To verify the expression for the focal length of a combination of two lenses. For example, a slide projector shows an image of a slide on a screen. Consider two dielectric media with different refractive indices and with n 1 n 2 and that are in perfect contact, as shown in figure 5. The fiber can carry light through twists and turns just like copper wire carries electricity. In general, laserbeam propagation can be approximated by assuming that the laser beam has an ideal gaussian intensity profile. Be sure the object and the screen are at least one meter apart.
How to bend fiber optic light in water science experiments. This science tutorial teaches you how to bend fiber optic light in water using a 532 nm, 50 mw laser. Optical fiber has increased signal transmission bandwidth over longer distance. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Optical fiber assemblies united states naval academy. Measure the image distance and the object distance. Fiber optics lab manual instructors manual the fiber optic. Fortunately for you, your brain decides how you see. Physics laboratory experiments w experiments ank 1 sics e 239 en e 263 or e 264 vorspann 09.
The basic law of light guidance is snells law figure 5. This realization led to a worldwide effort for the development of ingaasp semiconductor lasers and detectors operating near 1 300 nm. Include a table like the one given here for this data in your notebook. Tfs are multimode fiber optics that have been engineered to taper. Experiment 6 absorption spectra of conjugated dyes introduction this experiment is a study of the visible spectra of several dye molecules. A laboratory experiment in 1981 demonstrated transmission of 2 gbits over 44 km of singlemode fibre.
A power exchange of the order of a few millimeters occurs as a result of the coupling between the two cores. The plastic optical fiber used in some of these experiments is available for science distributors. Some measures to prevent fiber tapping or to nullify the significance of information tapped from fiber were also discussed. Buy fiber optics through experiments 3rd ed by pdf online. Arrange the optics lamp, the condenser lens, and the table as shown in the drawing. Fiber geometry an optical fiber is illustrated in fig. The brain combines the images, or pictures, that each eye sees and makes them.
Plane mirrors science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 20122014 department of curriculum and pedagogy a place of mind f a c u l t y o f e d u c a t i o n. Fiber optics as a research area exists since the 1950s. An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of lowloss materials such as silica glass. Optical fibers 3 lab periods objective stripping and cleaving of optical fibers for integration into optical devices.
Hansell 1,2,3, the coreandcladding design that showed. Nn fiber nn coaxial cable connectors nn rj45 nn rj11 4. It is a micron 1mm pof available from several suppliers. Class will have already discussed the basics of waves i. Based on fiber bragg grating fbg, an online monitoring system for the etching process of optical fiber in a hydrofluoric hf acid solution has been designed. We also presented visualized scenarios in which a resourceful eavesdropper can compromise security of a fiber link with existing technologies. For example, jaguar speed car search for an exact match put a word or phrase inside quotes. It consists of a dielectric fiber core, usually from glass, surrounded by a layer of glass or plastic cladding characterized by the refraction index lower than that of the core.
Optical system, cardinal points of an optical system, rules of image formation. Apply to customer service representative, fiber optic splicer, supervisor and more. By yasir khan in optical engineering and communication. Losses of silica fibres become minimum near 1 550 nm. Determination of the refractive index of a glass block. These lecture notes were written for the 2002 version of this course, and do not correspond directly to the calendar in the syllabus. Numerical aperture of an optical fibre is defined as the light gathering ability of the fibre. Experiment with dif ferent ways of forming gelatin optics. On the optical bench, position the lens between a light source the object and a screen. Attenuation the opticalloss of fiber per unit coefficient length,expressed in dbkm. Flexible steel interlock sheathing is 302 stainless, except where noted. The course will not cover everything in these notes, but with some luck the notes will continue to be a useful reference for you.
I got the idea for this weeks experiment while reading about fiber optics. Since an extended object may be treated as a collection of point sources of light, we are specially interested in the images of point objects. The schematic diagram of the doubleslit experiment is shown in figure 14. It follows a helical trajectory confined within a cylindrical shell of radii r and a. The results show that the etching process of optical fiber in hf acid solution can.
Effective teaching methods projectbased learning in physics. Snells law and then some anthony osinski physics teacher campbell high school prerequisites. During the summit the following overview was presented. Collect the following data to help you find the relationship between the incident ray the incoming laser beam from the water and the refracted ray the laser beam after it is bent by the air. X exclude words from your search put in front of a word you want to leave out. This experiment proves that light waves are transverse waves. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index fig. Polarimeter, a balance, measuring cylinder, beaker and a source of light. Suitable as a stand alone course or as supplemental material for other optics courses, this set is composed of ten projects, each designed to explain, and provide a tangible understanding of, a fundamental. Light losses in fibres fibre is a transparent cylinder made of a dielectric. Optical fibers typically include a transparent core surrounded by. Lowloss birefringent singlemode twocore fibers, consisting of two cores and a pair of stressinducing parts built in a cladding, were prepared.
Information about industrial fiber optics other educational laser and fiber optics kits and a full array of comple. Whether youre bored out of your mind or a budding scientist, this is one cool experiment to do at home. A parallel beam of rays emerges from a linesegment, with density controlled by the ray density slider. Place an optical pin upright alongside the smallest face of the block. Index terms optical fiber tapping, layer 2 encryption. On the job, mike routinely works with fusion splicers, optical power meters, and laser sources and detectors, as well as with optical spectrum. A mirror whose shape is part of a circle, which is defined by three points.
Dynamic illumination of spatially restricted or large. Backscattering the scattering of light in a fiber back toward the source,used to. The optical fiber is a waveguide used for transmission of light. Remove the ray box from the optical bench and place the ray box on a white piece of paper. Download free sample and get upto 79% off on mrprental.
The variation curves of the wavelength shifts of fbgs with etching time at three different temperatures have been obtained and analyzed theoretically. Fiber optics is a method of delivering light through clear, glass wires, or fibers. Introductory physics ii electricity, magnetism and optics by robertg. So light will reflect really well off the inside surface of water at a relatively small angle. This project was concentrated on the audio communication in fiber optic. Using crossed optical fiber fluorescent sensor arrays. Move the lens to a position where an image of the object is formed on the screen. It may be helpful to use a spoon, spatula, or knife to remove a strip of gelatin from the edge of the tray and then use your fingers to pull out a large sheet of the gel before cutting it into various shapes. This means that if you shine the light into a tube of water whenever it meets the side it is reflected so the light stays within the water until it hits your hand lighting it up.
Drag and drop each apparatus in to the optical table as shown in the figure below. Even though the fiber is clear, the light stays inside until it reaches the end. Download fiber optics through experiments 3rd ed by pdf online. For premiumgrade fibers, ocean optics rates the entire assembly to 220 c. You hear about fiber optic cables whenever people talk about the telephone system, the cable tv system or the internet. Foa has samples available at no cost for teachers at schools in the us. The relationship between optical activity and concentration using sucrose. Measurement of bound states in the continuum by a detector.
Phy pack 4 refractive index law 7 produced by physics group, university of cape coast, as part of a delphe funded project 2. The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics. Sodium lamp for half shade polarimeter and ordinary bulb or mercury lamp for biquartz polarimeter. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. It was noted that the powertransfer efficiency shows a good wavelength selectivity because. Dec 14, 2014 experiment to determine the numerical aperture of an optical fibre 1. Absorption of electromagnetic radiation emr in the visible ca. Theory, experiment, and application of optical fiber etching.
We have arranged them in order but feel free to navigate around as you like. Experiment with the laser beam direction until no light emerges at the waterair surface and the beam is seen to be totally reflected back into the water. The projects in optics education kit is a hands on, selfpaced tool for both teaching and learning the fundamentals of optics and photonics. Combination of optical glass fiber, stainless steel or pvc, brass silicone rubber, teflon, molded thermoplastics, and optical grade epoxy. Read the coherence and fringes article, beginning until 5. Measurement of the numerical aperture na of multimode fibers and of the beam pro file of a singlemode fiber. This information is provided by the fiber optic association, inc.
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